Table 2 Means, standard deviations, and correlations (N = 1266)

Total

58.89 ± 15.28

29.68 ± 8.56

20.14 ± 5.01

9.07 ± 2.70

64.56 ± 11.92

34.30 ± 6.82

30.26 ± 6.82

16.75 ± 7.62

Gender

 Male

60.96 ± 17.58

30.99 ± 9.85

20.64 ± 5.71

9.33 ± 2.97

65.52 ± 13.93

33.97 ± 7.72

31.55 ± 7.63

15.77 ± 7.74

 Female

57.77 ± 13.76

28.97 ± 7.68

19.86 ± 4.56

8.93 ± 2.53

64.03 ± 10.63

33.48 ± 6.28

29.55 ± 7.61

17.27 ± 7.51

 T

3.33**

3.75**

2.49*

2.39*

1.97*

− 1.184

4.66**

− 3.36**

Grade

 First year

59.87 ± 15.31

30.19 ± 8.61

20.45 ± 4.97

9.22 ± 2.69

64.42 ± 11.99

34.22 ± 6.88

30.20 ± 7.25

16.61 ± 7.61

 Second-year

59.59 ± 16.70

30.36 ± 9.09

20.10 ± 5.47

9.13 ± 2.92

64.91 ± 12.54

34.26 ± 6.88

30.65 ± 7.17

16.74 ± 7.74

 Third year

56.26 ± 13.83

28.10 ± 7.83

19.43 ± 4.69

8.73 ± 2.52

64.54 ± 11.45

34.35 ± 6.69

30.19 ± 6.61

17.02 ± 7.74

 F

3.17*

3.80**

2.38*

1.18

0.26

0.14

0.81

0.17

Academic evaluation

 Excellent

61.89 ± 13.41

31.22 ± 7.59

21.26 ± 4.48

9.40 ± 2.46

65.89 ± 11.08

35.28 ± 6.21

30.61 ± 6.81

15.49 ± 6.67

 Moderate

60.22 ± 14.41

30.37 ± 8.14

20.56 ± 4.61

9.29 ± 2.67

64.76 ± 11.46

34.55 ± 6.57

30.21 ± 7.00

16.51 ± 7.61

 Lower–moderate

56.40 ± 14.73

28.37 ± 8.23

19.27 ± 4.90

8.77 ± 2.58

63.46 ± 11.67

33.55 ± 6.96

29.91 ± 6.61

16.85 ± 7.94

 Poor

52.92 ± 19.11

26.64 ± 10.62

18.00 ± 6.17

8.28 ± 3.15

62.92 ± 14.47

32.75 ± 8.01

30.17 ± 8.12

19.64 ± 8.22

 F

17.93**

15.01**

21.73**

9.22**

3.37*

6.86**

0.51

12.48**

Single-child family

 Yes

59.37 ± 16.45

29.94 ± 9.14

20.19 ± 5.35

9.24 ± 2.85

64.01 ± 12.75

33.49 ± 7.16

30.52 ± 7.41

17.12 ± 7.88

 No

58.75 ± 14.92

29.61 ± 8.37

20.12 ± 4.90

9.02 ± 2.65

64.73 ± 11.65

34.54 ± 6.70

30.18 ± 6.93

16.63 ± 7.54

 T

0.58

0.58

0.21

1.21

− 0.90

− 2.32*

0.72

0.95

Part-time jobs

 Yes

60.71 ± 15.44

30.84 ± 8.72

20.52 ± 5.02

9.35 ± 2.75

66.00 ± 12.75

34.90 ± 6.97

31.10 ± 7.30

16.37 ± 7.97

 No

58.24 ± 15.18

29.26 ± 8.46

20.00 ± 5.00

8.98 ± 2.68

64.04 ± 11.56

34.08 ± 6.76

29.95 ± 6.93

16.88 ± 7.49

 T

2.54*

2.91**

1.62

2.18*

2.59*

1.88

2.56*

− 1.05

Members of the club

 Yes

59.26 ± 14.79

29.86 ± 8.26

20.27 ± 4.88

9.12 ± 2.65

64.68 ± 11.59

34.46 ± 6.67

30.22 ± 6.94

16.86 ± 7.55

 No

57.00 ± 17.53

28.74 ± 9.91

19.42 ± 5.60

8.84 ± 2.93

63.92 ± 13.49

33.47 ± 7.53

30.45 ± 7.59

16.17 ± 7.97

 T

1.73

1.53

2.03*

1.34

0.83

1.90

− 0.43

1.18

Birthplace

 City

59.32 ± 15.94

29.86 ± 8.84

20.17 ± 5.23

9.29 ± 2.82

64.74 ± 12.27

34.09 ± 6.78

30.66 ± 7.34

17.41 ± 7.87

 Country

58.63 ± 14.87

29.57 ± 8.38

20.12 ± 4.87

8.94 ± 2.62

64.44 ± 11.70

34.43 ± 6.85

30.01 ± 6.85

16.33 ± 7.44

 T

0.78

0.57

0.18

2.23*

0.44

− 0.87

1.58

2.46*