Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the aADHD, BPD, and HC groups
aADHD (N = 100) | BPD (N = 63) | HC (N = 100) | F / χ²/H | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, SD) | 26.31 (4.71) | 26.19 (4.51) | 26.61 (4.59) | 0.187 | 0.829 |
Sex (M/F) % a | 52.0/48.0 | 20.6/79.4 | 44.0/56.0 | 16.102 | < 0.001 |
Level of education (E/S/H) % b | 4.0/51.0/45.0 | 7.9/61.9/30.2 | 3.0/49.0/48.0 | 6.309 | 0.043 |
SES (BSMSS, SD)c | 50.07 (8.73) | 43.63 (11.80) | 48.55 (10.69) | 17.103 | < 0.001 |
Inattention/Memory problems (CAARS-A) | 25.55 (6.35) | 17.47 (5.80) | 11.07 (5.94) | 138.512 | < 0.001 |
Hyperactivity/Restlessness (CAARS-B) | 20.862 (6.74) | 14.70 (5.96) | 11.30 (5.86) | 57.606 | < 0.001 |
Impulsivity/Emotional lability CAARS-C) | 18.98 (7.07) | 18.57 (6.87) | 9.61 (5.24) | 61.921 | < 0.001 |
Problems with self-concept (CAARS-D) | 11.47 (4.06) | 13.55 (3.524) | 6.24 (3.75) | 74.316 | < 0.001 |
DSM-IV Inattentive Symptoms (CAARS-E) | 19.01 (4.64) | 12.50 (5.42) | 6.59 (3.90) | 179.782 | < 0.001 |
DSM-IV Ha-Imp Symptoms (CAARS-F) | 15.39 (5.39) | 10.33 (4.34) | 7.49 (4.64) | 64.266 | < 0.001 |
DSM-IV ADHD Symp. Total (CAARS-G) | 34.40 (7.62) | 22.83 (8.12) | 14.07 (7.21) | 173.292 | < 0.001 |
ADHD index (CAARS-H) | 23.20 (5.20) | 19.32 (5.78) | 10.35 (5.47) | 138.954 | < 0.001 |
Borderline Symptom Checklist – Behavior | 16.73 (4.23) | 22.52 (6.64) | 14.65 (2.94) | 49.385 | < 0.001 |
Distractibility (PID-5) Distractibility | 2.29 (0.53) | 1.71 (0.77) | 0.88 (0.58) | 124.18 | < 0.001 |
Impulsivity (PID-5) Impulsivity | 1.34 (0.68) | 1.48 (0.78) | 0.63 (0.56) | 36.012 | < 0.001 |
Irresponsibility (PID-5) | 1.36 (0.619) | 1.12 (0.63) | 0.65 (0.47) | 37.854 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidity | |||||
Depression (%) | 38.0 | 73.0 | - | ||
Dysthymia (%) | 5.0 | 22.2 | - | ||
Suicidal risk: no/low/mid/high (%) | 88.0/10.0/-/- | 15.9/41.3/20.6/22.2 | - | ||
(Hypo)mania (%) | - | 3.2 | - | ||
Anxiety (%) | 27.0 | 76.2 | - | ||
OCD (%) | 1.0 | 7.9 | - | ||
PTSD (%) | 0.0 | 25.4 | - | ||
Substance related (%) | 12.0 | 22.2 | - | ||
Anorexia (%) | 0.0 | 7.9 | - | ||
Bulimia (%) | 0.0 | 11.1 | - | ||
Medication data | |||||
No medication (%) | 43 | 20.6 | 84 | ||
Methylphenidate (%) | 49 | - | - | ||
Atomoxetine (%) | 1 | - | - | ||
Bupropion (%) | 2 | - | - | ||
Other antidepressant (%) | 4 | 55.6 | - | ||
Antipsychotic (%) | - | 30.2 | - | ||
Mood stabilizer and Anticonvulsant (%) | - | 30.2 | - | ||
Anxiolytic (%) | - | 31.7 | - | ||
Other (%) | 11 | 12.7 | 16 |