Table 1 The distribution of baseline characteristics and the univariate associations with MMSE score
From: The independent role of fine particulate matter and genetic liability on cognition in older adults
N = 25,593 | Univariate analyses | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD)/ n(%) | Beta (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age, years | 63.01 (3.48) | -0.0702 (-0.0784, -0.0620) | < 0.0001 |
Sex | |||
Male | 9934 (38.82) | Ref. | |
Female | 15,659 (61.18) | -0.2450 (-0.3033, -0.1867) | < 0.0001 |
Education a | |||
Illiteracy, self-study, or elementary school | 3382 (13.22) | Ref. | |
Junior high school | 2908 (11.37) | 1.5377 (1.4327, 1.6426) | < 0.0001 |
Senior (vocational) high school | 8024 (31.37) | 2.4593 (2.3735, 2.5451) | < 0.0001 |
University (college) | 9638 (37.68) | 3.0101 (2.9252, 3.0951) | < 0.0001 |
Master and above | 1629 (6.37) | 3.2328 (3.1060, 3.3596) | < 0.0001 |
CP PRS b | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.2268 (0.1985, 0.2551) | < 0.0001 |
SCZ PRS b | 0.0 (1.0) | -0.0520 (-0.0805, -0.0236) | 0.0003 |
MDD PRS b | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0260 (-0.0025, 0.0544) | 0.0735 |
AD PRS b | 0.0 (1.0) | -0.0475 (-0.0760, -0.0190) | 0.0011 |
APOE genotype c | |||
E3/E3 | 17,917 (81.66) | Ref. | |
E3/E4 | 3854 (17.57) | -0.0182 (-0.0990, 0.0627) | 0.6598 |
E4/E4 | 170 (0.77) | -0.2145 (-0.5657, 0.1366) | 0.2311 |
PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 23.48 (5.51) | -0.0830 (-0.0973, -0.0688) | < 0.0001 |
PM2.5 level | |||
< 18.7 | 6398 (25.00) | Ref. | |
18.7 to 22.2 | 6432 (25.13) | -0.1132 (-0.2263, 0.000025) | 0.0501 |
22.2 to 29.1 | 6389 (24.96) | -0.1764 (-0.3334, -0.01933) | 0.0277 |
29.1+ | 6374 (24.91) | -0.7839 (-0.9611, -0.6066) | < 0.0001 |
Unemployment rate (%) | 3.78 (0.08) | -0.4242 (-2.0373, 1.1890) | 0.6063 |
Median household income (1,000 NTD) | 641.16 (81.95) | 0.0051 (0.0040, 0.0063) | < 0.0001 |
CV of household income | 211.61 (263.08) | 0.0006 (0.0002, 0.0010) | 0.0040 |
Single-parent rate (%) | 7.35 (2.05) | 0.0291 (-0.0235, 0.0817) | 0.2782 |
Urbanization | |||
1 (Urban) | 17,602 (68.78) | Ref. | |
2 (Sub-urban) | 7451 (29.11) | -0.7342 (-0.9346, -0.5337) | < 0.0001 |
3 (Rural) | 540 (2.11) | -0.7450 (-1.1316, -0.3584) | 0.0002 |
MMSE score | 27.52 (2.38) | ‒ | ‒ |